Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is the most important food source for more than half of the world’s population, so determining the best hybrid line to produce hybrids with high grain yield and high cooking quality is important for proper crosses. In this study, 60 microsatellite markers were used in 63 rice genotypes of Central and West Asia to group rice cultivars. Based on data from 60 markers, it was observed that a total of 252 polymorphic alleles were amplified with an average of 4.2 alleles per primer. The mean number of effective alleles was 3.78 which RM490 and RM5423 markers had the lowest and the RM225 and RM246 markers had the highest value for this index. Nei gene diversity and amount of polymorphic information content showed that RM23 and RM212 markers had the highest value and the RM3 marker had the lowest value for these two indices. Genetic similarity and distance between populations revealed that the genetic distance between studied populations ranged from 0.147 to 0.54, indicating high variation among genotypes of these populations. The results showed that the highest genetic distance was between Iran and Uzbekistan and the least distance was between Iran and Afghanistan. The classification of genotypes was performed by cluster analysis. Genotypes were classified into 5 clusters using the Dice similarity coefficient and UPGMA method. Based on the results of cluster analysis and genetic distances, genotypes of Iran, Turkey, and Uzbekistan can be used for hybrid production to increase grain yield and quality.